Terminology(Cyber)

CyberSpace/CyberWorld

• The “cyber world,” is often used interchangeably with “cyberspace”.
• Cyberspace has become a fundamental part of modern life, transforming how we communicate, conduct business, access information, and perform daily activities.
• Cyberspace is the virtual environment created by interconnected digital technologies, including the internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and digital devices.
• Cyberspace is an artificial, non-physical space (digital environment) that exists solely within the infrastructure of computer networks and telecommunications.
• It includes all the spaces/areas where digital communication and data exchange takes place, allowing users worldwide to connect, communicate, and interact through various online platforms, websites, applications, and networks.
• Through cyberspace, users can interact virtually, whether through social media, emails, forums, games, or other online services.
• It has created new economic, social, and cultural landscapes, though it also requires ongoing attention to security and ethical considerations due to privacy and data protection challenges.
• It’s an expansive digital ecosystem where information, communication, and interactions take place beyond the physical world.
• The Internet is the backbone of the cyber world, providing global connectivity for websites, applications, and digital platforms.
• Several digital devices such as Computers, smartphones, tablets, and IoT devices allow users to access, interact with, and contribute to the cyber world.
• Several Online Communities and Social Media Platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Reddit, are the major parts of Cyber World where users build virtual communities, share content, and connect across geographies.
• Online games, virtual reality, and metaverse platforms also create a cyber environment where users can experience immersive, digital interactions.
• Data Storage and Cloud Computing make the major infrastructure of the cyber world that stores vast amounts of information and enables online services, like Google Drive, Dropbox, and AWS.
• Digital Economy such as E-commerce platforms, online payment systems, cryptocurrencies, and digital marketplaces also play a major role in the cyber world where economic activities take place online.
• The cyber-world provides endless knowledge and data available, from educational resources to entertainment content.
• They provide Instant Communication through email, chat, and video calls, so people can communicate in real time from anywhere.
• Users from different parts of the world can interact and collaborate easily and quickly ignoring physical boundaries.
• They bring people together regardless of location; provide instant access to news, research, and educational resources also enable technological advancements, collaboration, and cultural exchange.
• It gives Cybersecurity threats, privacy Issues regarding Users’ data, and excessive use can lead to addiction, stress, and other mental health concerns.

Cookies

• It is a small piece of data stored on a user’s device by websites to track user activity, remember preferences, and enhance user experience.

Dark Web

• A part of the internet that isn’t indexed by standard search engines and requires specific software (like Tor) to access.
• It’s often associated with illicit activities.

Two-factor authentication (2FA)

• An additional layer of security is where a user provides two forms of identification (such as a password and a code sent to their phone) to gain access.

VPN (Virtual Private Network)

• A tool that creates a secure, encrypted connection over a less secure network (like the internet), helping to protect user data and privacy.

Firewall

• A network security device or software that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic, creating a barrier between a trusted network and an untrusted network.

Encryption

• The process of converting data into a coded format that only authorized users can access.
• It’s widely used to protect sensitive information.

Hacker

• An individual skilled in computer technology who can bypass security systems.
• Hackers are sometimes categorized as:
  • Black Hat: Engages in malicious hacking.
  • White Hat: Performs ethical hacking to help improve security.
  • Gray Hat: Operates between ethical and unethical hacking.

Cyber Hygiene

• It is a regular practice and routine, like updating software and using strong passwords, to improve cybersecurity and reduce the risk of attack.

IoT (Internet of Things)

• IoT refers to the network of physical devices connected to the internet, like smart home devices, which can communicate and exchange data.

Authentication

• The process of verifying a user’s identity before granting access to a system or information.