Miscellaneous Topics

VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration)Technology

• VLSI began in the 1970s when complex semiconductor and communication technologies were being developed. Carver Mead is an inventor, chip designer, entrepreneur, and university physicist. Mead. It was founded in 1979 and head quarter is California USA.
• VLSI is a modern and advanced technology for chip development.
• VLSI technology is the process of creating an integrated circuit (IC) by combining thousands of transistors onto a single silocon chip.
• Example: Microprocessor.
• MOS(Metal Oxide Semiconductor) technology is considered as one of the very important and promising technologies in the VLSI design process. 
• The design of VLSI technology is done in several steps or levels – Physical level[Physical Layout Design], Circuit level, Switch level etc.
• The design of IC is made using VLSI technology with the help of several sophisticated softwares such as Synopsys, Cadence, Mentor Graphics, Xilinx etc.
• There are several world famous companies work on VLSI techniques to prepare chips. They are – Intel corporation, Qualcomm, Samsung Electronics Corporation, ARM, AMD, NVIDIA, Mediatek etc.
• VLSI is a digital & Hardware technology but works completely with the help of softwares.
• VLSI circuits are used everywhere in our daily-to-daily life, such as microprocessors in a personal computer, chips in a graphic card, digital camera or camcorder, chips in a cell phone, embedded processors, and safety systems like anti-lock braking systems in an automobile, personal entertainment systems, medical electronic systems and many more.
• An advanced form of VLSI is the super large‐scale integration (SLSI) chip which may possibly reach 10 billion transistors, with a feature size smaller than 15 nm.

CMOS(Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)Technology

• CMOS is one of the most popular technology in the computer chip design industry today.
• CMOS is broadly used to form integrated circuits(IC) in numerous and varied applications such as computer memories, CPUs, and cell phones.
• This technology makes use of both P channel and N channel semiconductor devices.
• The best example of CMOS technology is one of the most popular MOSFET technology.
• This is the dominant semiconductor technology for the manufacturing of microprocessors, microcontroller chips, memories like RAM, ROM, EEPROM and application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs).