Framework

Definition of Framework

• A framework is a pre-built structure or set of tools that provides a foundation for developing software applications.

Characteristics of Framework

• Framework provides code reusability because it is essentially a pre-designed set of components, libraries, and conventions that help developers build and organize code more efficiently as they don’t have to start from scratch for every project.
• Frameworks play a crucial role in standardizing development practices, promoting code reuse, and improving overall productivity in software development.
• Frameworks provide abstraction in certain complex or repetitive tasks, allowing developers to focus more on the specific requirements of their application rather than low-level details.
• Frameworks provide a scaffolding (a temporary structure that supports workers and materials during construction, maintenance, and repair) for software development, offering a structured way to approach problems and common tasks. 
• Frameworks typically provide a specific software environment/architecture or design pattern, providing a guideline for organizing code. Common architectures include Model-View-Controller (MVC), Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM), and others.
• Many frameworks follow the principle of “convention over configuration,” meaning they come with default settings and assumptions. This reduces the need for developers to make many configuration decisions, as the framework handles defaults based on conventions.
• Frameworks often support integration with various development tools, such as version control systems, build tools and testing frameworks. This integration helps streamline the development process.
• Frameworks are designed to support extensibility, allowing developers to add or override functionality when needed. This provides flexibility while maintaining the overall structure provided by the framework.
• Popular frameworks usually have large and active communities. This means there are ample resources, documentation, and community support available, making it easier for developers to find solutions to common problems.
• Frameworks often provide patterns and structures that facilitate scalability. As applications grow, frameworks can help maintain organization and efficiency in handling increased complexity.

Examples of frameworks in different programming domains:

• Web Development Domain:
  • Django and Flask (Python): Web frameworks for building web applications in Python.
  • Ruby on Rails (Ruby): A web application framework for the Ruby programming language.
  • js (JavaScript/Node.js): A web application framework for Node.js.
• Front-end Web Development:
  • React, Angular, and Vue.js (JavaScript): Front-end frameworks for building user interfaces.
• Mobile App Development:
  • React Native and Flutter: Frameworks for building cross-platform mobile applications.
• Desktop GUI Applications:
  • Qt (C++): A framework for developing desktop applications with a graphical user interface.
  • Electron (JavaScript): A framework for building cross-platform desktop applications using web technologies.
• Game Development:
  • Unity (C#): A framework for developing 2D and 3D games.