Introduction & Feature of OS

Operating System History : The first operating system used for real work was GM-NAA I/O, produced in 1956 by General Motors’ Research division for its IBM 704. Introduction : All computers need some sort of hardware platform to run the software; these platforms are called Operating System (OS). Definition : An operating Read more…

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Miscellaneous Topics TCP/IP

Different types of Internet Connection & typical Speed Network Connectivity Type – Transmission Speed  (i) (Telephone) dial-up modem = 14.4 Kbps   (ii) ISDN modem = 56/128 Kbps    (iii) T1 connection = 1.54 Mbps    (iv) Ethernet = 10 Mbps    (v) Token ring = 4/16 Mbps   (vi) Fast Ethernet = 100 Mbps   (vii) FDDI Read more…

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Network Socket

Introduction of Socket The concept of Socket began with the ARPANET in 1971. The term network socket is most commonly used in the context of the Internet protocol suite and is therefore often also called Internet socket. The term network socket is analogous to an electrical device’s female connector. The concept Read more…

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Client Server Architecture

History The concept of Client-server model was started from 1960s. ARPANET is considered as the first client-server model. Introduction Client server architecture is also known as “Client-Server Model”. It works according to a request and response method. Definition Client-Server architecture is a system where one computer (or more) is/are acting Read more…

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Port Number and Address

Introduction The list of port numbers is specified in RFC (Both client and server must state the HTTP version of their request or response in the first line of their message. Internet Society and IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) Request for Comments documents (known as RFCs) provide the official definitions for the Read more…

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Application Layer TCP/IP

Introduction The Application Layer in the TCP/IP model is crucial for enabling network communication between software applications.  Definition The application layer in the TCP/IP model is the topmost layer and is responsible for facilitating communication between network applications. Features It provides services to the application software running on a computer. It provides various protocols Read more…

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Transport Layer TCP/IP

Introduction The Transport Layer in the TCP/IP model is vital for ensuring the reliable delivery of data between applications running on different hosts. TCP provides a robust, connection-oriented service that guarantees the delivery and order of data, while UDP offers a lightweight, connectionless service for applications where speed and efficiency Read more…

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